what is extract transform load reddit eli5

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In other cases, one or more of the following transformation types may be required to meet the business and technical needs of the server or data warehouse:

Character sets that may be available in one system may not be so in others. The challenge when different systems interact is in the relevant systems' interfacing and communicating. In the data transformation stage, a series of rules or functions are applied to the extracted data in order to prepare it for loading into the end target.Īn important function of transformation is data cleansing, which aims to pass only 'proper' data to the target. The rejected data is ideally reported back to the source system for further analysis to identify and to rectify incorrect records or perform data wrangling. If the data fails the validation rules, it is rejected entirely or in part. The streaming of the extracted data source and loading on-the-fly to the destination database is another way of performing ETL when no intermediate data storage is required.Īn intrinsic part of the extraction involves data validation to confirm whether the data pulled from the sources has the correct/expected values in a given domain (such as a pattern/default or list of values). Common data-source formats include relational databases, flat-file databases, XML, and JSON, but may also include non-relational database structures such as IBM Information Management System or other data structures such as Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) or Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM), or even formats fetched from outside sources by means such as a web crawler or data scraping. Each separate system may also use a different data organization and/or format. Most data-warehousing projects combine data from different source systems. In many cases, this represents the most important aspect of ETL, since extracting data correctly sets the stage for the success of subsequent processes. Extract ĮTL processing involves extracting the data from the source system(s). For example, a cost accounting system may combine data from payroll, sales, and purchasing.ĭata extraction involves extracting data from homogeneous or heterogeneous sources data transformation processes data by data cleaning and transforming it into a proper storage format/structure for the purposes of querying and analysis finally, data loading describes the insertion of data into the final target database such as an operational data store, a data mart, data lake or a data warehouse. The separate systems containing the original data are frequently managed and operated by different stakeholders. ETL systems commonly integrate data from multiple applications (systems), typically developed and supported by different vendors or hosted on separate computer hardware. The ETL process is often used in data warehousing. Some ETL systems can also deliver data in a presentation-ready format so that application developers can build applications and end users can make decisions.

ETL software typically automates the entire process and can be run manually or on recurring schedules either as single jobs or aggregated into a batch of jobs.Ī properly designed ETL system extracts data from source systems and enforces data type and data validity standards and ensures it conforms structurally to the requirements of the output. ETL processing is typically executed using software applications but it can also be done manually by system operators. The data can be collated from one or more sources and it can also be output to one or more destinations. In computing, extract, transform, load ( ETL) is a three-phase process where data is extracted from an input source, transformed (including cleaning), and loaded into an output data container.

What is extract transform load reddit eli5